> The indictment (*rib*) (13-15) is quite distinctive both in its metrical regularity (3-3) and in the concluding formula that identifies it as an oracle (*neum*). Using standard forensic terminology and the language of judicial procedure and judgment (respectively *rib*, din*)* and the familiar courtroom scenario (cf. Mic 6:1-5; Pss 50; 82), it turns from the situation of social disorder and *anomie* described in 1-12 to accusations of gross social injustice. The indictment of oppressing and plundering the poor, directed against the elite in YHVH's own words, carries forward the social program of other dissidents of that century, especially Amos (2:6-8; 3:9-11; 6:4-7; 8:4-6) and Micah (2:1-3; 3:1-4, 9-12). The terms in which the indictment is couched are also strongly reminiscent of the instructional writings of the sages. Take, for example: > > >Do not rob a poor person because he is poor, or crush the afflicted at the city gate. (Prov 22:22) > > It even seems as though Isaiah is quoting back to the ruling class the norms of social justice that were part of their own education (Wildberger 1991, 143). The ravaged vineyard mentioned here is often taken to be a metaphor for Israel, anticipating the Song of the Vineyard in 5:1-7. This may be so, but it is consonant with the physical and concrete imagery in the passage as a whole to take it realistically as well. (Blenkinsopp, *Isaiah 1-39*, pgs. 199-200.